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References on Laboratory Animal Anesthesia



1.     AVMA Colloquium on Recognition and Alleviation of Animal Pain and Distress.

JAVMA  191.10  1987: 1186-1298.


            1a.  Jenkins, W.L., (1987), Pharmacologic Aspects of Analgesic Drugs in Animals:  An Overview.

JAVMA 191.10 1987: 1231-1240.


            1b.  Haskins, S.C., (1987)  Use of Analgesics Postoperatively and in a Small Animal Intensive Care Setting.

JAVMA 191.10 1987: 1266-1268.


2.     Kitchell, R.L.; Ericksen, H.H.,(Eds), (1983), Animal pain: Perception & alleviation.

American Physiological Society, 1983: i-x, p. 1-221, ill. Based on a symposium held at 66th Annual Meeting, 

Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), New Orleans, 1982.


3.     Gluckstein, Fritz P., (1987), Pain, anesthesia & analgesia in common laboratory animals. 

Jan. 1980 through Dec. 1986, 514 citations. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept. Of Health & Human Services, 

Public Health Service, NIH, p.45, Literature search no. 86-17.


4.     Flecknell, PA., (1984)  The Relief of Pain in Laboratory Animals.  

Lab Animal 18(2):147-160.


5.     Morton, D.B.; Griffiths, P.H.M., (1985), Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress & discomfort in experimental animals & an hypothesis for assessment.

Veterinary Record, London: British Veterinary Association, 

116 (16):431-436,  ISSN: 0042-4900,  NAL Call no: 41.8 V641


6.     Sanford, J.; Ewbank, R.; Molony, V.; Tavernor, W.D.; Uvarov, O., (1986), Guidelines for the recognition & assessment of pain in animals.

Veterinary Record, London: British Veterinary Association, 118 (12):334-338,

ISSN: 0042-4900,  NAL Call no: 41.8.V641


7.     Vierck, CJ; Cooper, By, (1984), Guidelines for assessing pain reactions and pain modulation in laboratory animal subjects.

Advanced Pain Research Therapy,  6:305-322.

8.     Davis, LE., (1985), Use of analgesics after surgery in animals.

JAVMA 187.5: 513-514.


9.     O'Hair, K. C., K. T. Dodd, Y. Y. Phillips, and R. J. Beattie. (1988), Cardiopulmonary effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate in sheep.

 Labroratory  Anim. Sci. 38:58–61.


10.     Wright, E. M., K. L. Marcella, and J. F. Woodson,(1985), Animal pain: Evaluation and control.

 Laboratory Animals 14(4):20–36.

11.      Soma, LR, (1983) Anesthetic and analgesic considerations in the experimental animal.

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1983;406:32-47. Review.


12.     Soma, LR., (1985),  Behavioral changes and the assessment of pain in animals.

In Proceedings. 2nd Int Congress of Vet Anesthesia,  38-41.


13.     Flecknell, P.A., (1991), Postoperative analgesia in rabbits & rodents. 

Laboratory Animals, N.Y.: Nature Publishing Company, 20 (9):34-37, ISSN: 0093-7355.


14.     Flecknell, P.A. and J.H. Liles (1990), Assessment of the analgesic action of opioid agonist-antagonists in the rabbit. 

Journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists 17: 24-29


15.     Flecknell, P.A., (1987), Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia; An Introduction for research workers and technicians.

Academic Press, New York, New York.


16.     Short, C.E. and Van Poznak, A., (1992), Animal Pain. 

New York: Churchhill Livingstone.


17.     Wallace, J., Sanford, J., Smith, M.W. and Spencer, K.V., (1990), The assessment and control of the severity of scientific procedures on laboratory animals.

 Report of the Laboratory Animal Science Association Working Party,

Laboratory Animals 24:97–130.


18.     Dodman, N.H., Clark, G.H., Court, M.H., Pikes, L.L., and R.J. Boudrieau (1992), Epidural opioid administration for post-operative pain relief in the dog.

In Animal Pain,  Churchill Livingstone:  New York, 274-277.


19.     Pascoe, P. J., (1992), Epidural Morphine, in  Animal Pain.

Churchill Livingstone, New York.


20.     Bonath, K.H., Schaller G., Worm, F., (1985), New methods of peridural aneshesia in the dog.

Second International Congress of Veterinary Anesthesia, Sacramento, Ca.


21.     Sawyer, D.C., Rech R., et al., (1991), Dose response to butorphanol administered subcutaneously to increase visceral nociceptive threshold in dogs.

 American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.52:1826-1830.


22.     Nolan, A., Livingstone, A., and A. E. Waterman (1987), Investigation of the antinociceptive activity of buprenorphine in sheep.

British Journal of Pharmacology 92: 527-533


23.     Waterman, A. E., Livingston, A., Amin, A., (1991), Analgesic activity and respiratory effects of butorphanol in sheep.

Res. Vet. Sci 51:19


24.     Hermansen, K., Pedersen, L.E., and H.O. Olesen (1986), The analgesic effect of buprenorphine, etorphine and pethidine in the pig: a randomized double blind cross-over study.

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 59: 27-35.


25.     Stromskag KE, Pillgram-Larsen J, Reiestad F. (1990),  Hemodynamic effects of interpleural analgesia in pigs. 

Acta Anaesth Scand 34: 342-345


26.     Kopcha, M. & Ahl, A.S. (1989), Experimental uses of flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone in food-producing animals. 

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 194:45-49.


27.     Ewing, K. K. (1990), Anesthesia techniques in sheep and goats. 

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, Philadelphia,  6(3):759-778.


28.     Thurmon, J.C. and W.J. Tranquilli (1986), Anesthesia for cardiovascular research. 

In Swine in Cardiovascular Research, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1:39-59, NAL call number: RC669 S87.


29.     Harvey RC, Walberg J., (1987), Special considerations for anesthesia and analgesia in research animals. 

in Principles and practice of veterinary anesthesia.


30.     Waterman, A.E.; Kalthum, W., (1992), Use of opioids in providing postoperative analgesia in the dog: A double-blind trial of pethidine, pentazocine, buprenorphine, and butorphanol.

Animal pain.  New York: Churchill Livingstone, 

466-476, 479. ISBN: 0443087725, NAL Call no: SF910.P34.A55.


31.     Wixon Sally K., (1994),  Anesthesia and Analgesia. 

Ch. 6, in The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit, 2nd ed, Academic Press.


32.     Liles, J.H.; Flecknell, P.A., (1992), The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the relief of pain in laboratory rodents and rabbits.

Laboratory Animals, London: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 26 (4): 241-255,

 ISSN: 0023-6772, Ref. NAL Call no: QL55.A1L3


33.     Cowan, A., Doxey, J.C., and E.J.R. Harry (1977), The animal pharmacology of buprenorphine, an oripavine analgesic agent. 

British Journal of Pharmacology 60: 547-554.


34.     Wereszczynska-Siemiatkowska U, Nebendahl K, Pohl U, Otto J, Groene HJ, Wilms H, Lankisch PG., (1987), Influence of buprenorphine on acute experimental pancreatitis.

Res Exp Med (Berl);187(3):211-6.


35.     Flecknell, P.A., (ed.), (2000), BSAVA Manual of Rabbit Medicine and Surgery. 

Ames, IA, British Small Animal Veterinary Association/Iowa State University Press, 108.


36.     Heard, Darryl J. (2001), The Veterinary Clinics of North America- Exotic Animal Practice.  Analgesia and Anesthesia.  


37.     http://www.provet.co.uk/reptiles/reptileanalgesia.htm